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什么是禪門的“對(duì)法”?

什么是禪門的“對(duì)法”?

  《壇經(jīng)·付囑品第十》中說(shuō):“對(duì)法:外境無(wú)情五對(duì):天與地對(duì),日與月對(duì),明與暗對(duì),陰與陽(yáng)對(duì),水與火對(duì),此是五對(duì)也。法相語(yǔ)言十二對(duì):語(yǔ)與法對(duì),有與無(wú)對(duì),有色與無(wú)色對(duì),有相與無(wú)相對(duì),有漏與無(wú)漏對(duì),色與空對(duì),動(dòng)與靜對(duì),清與濁對(duì),凡與圣對(duì),僧與俗對(duì),老與少對(duì),大與小對(duì),此是十二對(duì)也。性起用十九對(duì):長(zhǎng)與短對(duì),邪與正對(duì),癡與慧對(duì),愚與智對(duì),亂與定對(duì),慈與毒對(duì),戒與非對(duì),直與曲對(duì),實(shí)與虛對(duì),險(xiǎn)與平對(duì),煩惱菩提對(duì),常與無(wú)常對(duì),悲與害對(duì),喜與嗔對(duì),舍與慳對(duì),進(jìn)與退對(duì),生與滅對(duì),法身與色身對(duì),化身與報(bào)身對(duì),此是十九對(duì)也。”

  六祖認(rèn)為,世間的一切事物有此就有彼?梢哉f(shuō)一切法都是相對(duì)而存在,相反而相成。六祖說(shuō):“此三十六對(duì)法,若解用即道貫一切經(jīng)法,出入即離兩邊。”慧能臨終向眾弟子傳授三十六對(duì)法的“秘訣”說(shuō):“舉三科法門,動(dòng)用三十六對(duì),出沒(méi)即離兩邊,說(shuō)一切法,莫離于性相。若有人問(wèn)法,出語(yǔ)盡雙,皆取法對(duì),來(lái)去相因,究竟二法盡除,更無(wú)去處。”六祖提倡以相對(duì)的、有無(wú)窮組合的兩極來(lái)破除“我執(zhí)”、“法執(zhí)”等邊見,是禪宗接引學(xué)人的重要方法。

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